Category: Retrodicitions

What the textbook says I didnt know it, but found out, “symmetry groups” that govern particle physics all share an oddity. SU(2) has 3 generators, not 4. SU(3) has 8 generators, not 9. SU(N) always has N²−1 generators, not N². That -1 everywhere in the math caught my attention (later SU 2 and 3 aligned…

What the textbook says I looked it up… electrons, quarks, protons, and neutrons all have spin 1/2. That makes them fermions. Fermions obey the Pauli exclusion principle — no two identical fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously. This is why electrons stack in shells instead of all collapsing to the lowest energy level.…